Bank of China has the longest continuous operating history of any Chinese bank. Formally established in February 1912, the Bank served consecutively as the country’s central bank, international exchange bank and specialised international trade bank. The Bank was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2006, becoming the first Chinese bank to launch an A-Share and H-Share initial public offering and achieve a dual listing in both markets. The Bank was the official banking partner of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, thus making it the only bank in China to serve two Olympic Games. In 2011, Bank of China became the first financial institution from an emerging economy to be designated as a Global Systemically Important Bank, a designation it has now maintained for 15 consecutive years. As at the end of 2025, it operated across the Chinese mainland and in 64 countries and regions overseas, including 45 Belt and Road participating countries and regions, and served as the designated RMB clearing bank in 16 countries and regions overseas. BOCHK and Macau Branch also serve as local note-issuing banks in their respective markets. The Bank adheres to a customer-centric development philosophy and has established an integrated financial service system built on the pillars of corporate banking, personal banking, financial markets and other commercial banking businesses, which covers investment banking, direct investment, securities, insurance, funds, aircraft leasing, asset management, financial technology, financial leasing and other areas, providing over 8.4 million corporate customers and 550 million personal customers with financial solutions featuring global expertise and comprehensive services accessible at any point of contact.